S_WH7+Vocabulary

Will Hughes Vocabulary (Home)
God. For example: If you were to dress nicely every day that would show their respect of God. Not only how you dress, but they believe that God is with them every second of every day and that every aspect of life shows your respect and dedication for God. More examples are how you talk to others, how you wear your hair, how you walk, how you eat, what you eat, where you eat, how you sleep, where you sleep, your job, your praying time, etc. They also think that they can take rules from the 5 books of Moses and create thousands of rules and apply them to every day life. ||
 * **Word/Phrase** || **Short Definition** || **Paragraph Definition** ||
 * Jewish || An ethnic group and religion. || There are different forms of Jews that have different intensities of beliefs. Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed, and Secular. Orthodox, Conservative, and Reformed all believe tat God is the all mighty, powerful, creator. Secular Jews believe there is no God, yet is bound together by ethnicity rather religion. Secular Jews focus more on scientific definitions rather than consulting the bible. fate it their own hands rather a supreme being. ||
 * Spiritual || To be aware of the world. || To be spiritual means to be more selfless and notice others more. It means to be more focused on what is yet to come rather than moment to moment. For example, if the whole world were spiritual we would be more focused on global warming because we would think about the future of the world not now. ||
 * Secular || Non-religious beliefs about morality. || To be secular means to have their own form of morality without depending on a religious leader to tell them what is right and wrong. Secular people believe that people are self-guided rather than guided by god. Morality is determined by that person's life experiences and their //personal// beliefs. ||
 * Documentary Hypothesis || There is more than 1 author of the Torah. || There are 4 different people who wrote the Torah at 4 different time periods. All at least 100 years apart during the BCE period. The documentary hypothesis was made into 4 documents made by 4 authors each given their own symbol (J,E,P, and D). J was in the 950 BCE, E was in the 850 BCE, P was in the 400s BCE century BCE, and Deuderanonamy 600s BCE. ||
 * Objective || Neutral analysis of actions. || Means to make a more scientific/neutral analysis of actions and behavior. An example of an objective annalisis is that my bird Kiwi is green, this is an objective annalysis because it is a fact that my bird Kiwi is green and no opinion can change that fact. ||
 * Subjective || Personal analysis of behavior. || The word subjective means to have a more personal analysis of either action or behavior is good or bad based on your personal opinions rather than science or fact. An example of that is that banana's are tasty and are a pleasure to eat, this is an subjective analysis because this is not a fact, but it is my opinion. ||
 * Universal || A rule/feeling that applies to everybody. || A rule/feeling that applies to everybody. An example of that is the law against murder. It applies to everybody and is always valid. ||
 * Pharisees || A traditional Jewish Sect. || A Pharisee is a Jew who follows traditional laws and customs/ceremonies. For example, during Passover they would have an extremely long ceremonies exacly how they are supposed to be done according to the bible. ||
 * Sadducees || A Jewish sect mostly made up of Aristocrats and Priests. || The Sadducees were not very different from the Pharisees except that they were not as literal as the Pharisees of interpreting the bible. They rejected oral laws and tradition they also did not believe in the afterlife nor the Messiah. ||
 * Essenes || A Jewish religious group that loved peace and self protection. || The Essenes were a Jewish religious group that mainly based their lives off the ways of peace. They believed that slaves were not right to have, because they think it is better to make/grow your own food. They also learned to only use a weapon if they were getting robbed. They also did not trade with other nations/peoples because they believed in being self-serving. ||
 * Samaritan || A group of people derived from the Israelites of Samaria || The Samaritans are a group of people who descended from the Israelites of Samaria. It is also a religion a lot like Judaism. They claim that their people/religion out dates the Temple in Jerusalem. The main differences in the religion is that they reject the belief in the messiah. They also have a different ten commandments than the Jews. Other than those differences they are much alike the Jewish people. ||
 * Apocalyptic || A belief in the __//**END OF THE WORLD!!!**//__ || An apocalyptic belief is when someone thinks that it is the __//**END OF THE WORLD!**//__ For example: if some random guy runs up to you on the streets and yell "__//**It is the end of the world!"**//__ that would be and apocalyptic belief. ||
 * Allegory || A longer more appealing metaphor. || An Allegory is an image or a symbol that relates to a moral lesson; and is usually told through a story of some sort. For example: Star Wars is supposed to be an allegory for the battle between good and Evil during World War 2. ||
 * B'nai B'rith || An organization based on helping Jews in need. || B'nai B'rith is an organization based on helping Jews survive anti-Semitic people, natural disasters, they provide welfare support, and help with community service. They do not only help Jews in the US, but around the globe in search of Jews in need. They also help Jews get into college by providing funds. ||
 * Covenant || A one way agreement where only one of the people have to keep the promise. || A covenant is a one way agreement that is usually between God and the people of that religion. An example of a covenant would be the covenant between God and Abraham, where God promised to give him as many children as the stars. ||
 * Sanhedrin || The supreme court of ancient Israel. || The Sanhedrin was originally made up of 23 judges from each city in Israel. Then later more people came as "General Members", overall there were 71 members later. 1 of the members was the Nasi or the ruler of Israel. The Sanhedrin ended in 358 CE because of being continuously persecuted by the Romans. ||
 * Pirkei Avot || Ethics of the most important Rabbis after the fall of Jerusalem. || The pirkei avot is tract (a collection of chapters) written by the wisest leading Rabbis in the first century CE. They are the Ethics of the Jewish people handed down for centuries BCE. The Pirkei Avot would be the first part of the Mishnah and later to become part of the Gemara (the first collection of written down morals). ||
 * Karaites || A Jewish Movement for the recognition of the Tanakh. || The Karaites is a Jewish movement whose members believe that they follow the "Original Way" of Judaism, meaning that they go by the traditional rules of the Torah. The Karaites let each individual choose their interpretation of the bible. They do believe in a God/the eternal one (the creator of the Universe and all life on it). They are also in hopes of the coming Moshiach. ||
 * Hamsah || An amulet used for good luck. || The Hamsah or the Hamsah Hand is an amulet used by Jews for good luck. This is a popular charm and decoration for many Jews. It is also called the Hand of God, Hand of Miriam, and the Protecting Hand. ||
 * Folklore || A form of culture shown through story, music, jokes, popular beliefs and so on. || A form of culture shown through story, music, jokes popular beliefs, dance, proverbs, etc...... Almost every group, religion, ethnicity, race, social background, and so on has some sort of Folklore including Judaism. There are four ways of studying folklore: by looking at artifacts, studying oral tradition such as through elderly telling stories and songs to the next generation, another way of studying folklore is to look at culture, and to study rituals such the Passover Seder. ||
 * Myth || A story that has supernatural qualities that pretends to explain the history of a people. || A myth is a story that is used usually to define the creation of a people through a god or gods. A myth is an imagined tale usually with a Moral/lesson about a people such as an ethnic group or Racial group. ||
 * Legend || A mythical story of a hero that changes history in a certain people. || A legend is tale of a hero that makes a major accomplishment usually using miracles and supernatural powers. An example of a legend is Zeus and Kronos, when Zeus uses his Godly powers to slice up Kronos and throw the pieces in tarturas. ||
 * Mysticism || A more direct way to connect to God without praying. || Mysticism is a more direct way to connect to God without praying rather through dance, song, or cultural activity. A mystic find natural disasters or events and reinterprets it as a word/words of God. A mystic also uses these events as sign of the future that God supposedly reveals. ||
 * Kabbalah || Is a group of books made by people who thought that they could predict the future through signs like natural disasters. || The people who follow the Kabbalh believe that God is the source of everything ever made, consciously, sub-consciously, physically, and including our moral principles. They can predict the future form signs from God, but you can't really know because he does not speak directly. ||
 * Zohar || A group of Books of books within the Kabbalah. || The Zohar is the most important book within the Kabbalah; it focuses on the meaning of the universe, souls, sin, good, and evil. It also talks about redemption; meaning that there are a lot of bad thing you do in life and that there is a way to redeem yourself in the eye of God. ||
 * Hasidic Jews || A movement of Jewish mysticism that believes in a direct connection between man and God. || Hasidic Jews believe that everything you do should reflect your devotion to
 * [|Haskalah] || A Jewish movement that inspired the spread of secular culture and way of life. || Haskalah is a Jewish movement that inspired the spread of secular culture and way of life. The Haskalah also disobeyed the rabbi's rule/authority, encoraged non-religious schools, study of sciences, and learning more about the world around them, moving away from religious writing and more to fiction, short stories, novels, comedies, and poetry. It was in other terms the spread of Jewish Enlightenment- being more like the society around them than segrigated from the rest of the people. ||
 * maskilim || Teachers and writers teaching the way of Haskalah. || The maskilim are teachers and writers teaching the ways of Haskalah. They taught how to be Jewish without embracing the rabbi's way of Judaism. They moved away from using Yiddish and Hebrew to use the language of the country they are in such as if you were from France you would start to speak French or Russia-Russian, etc. They made a new literature to make Jews more aware of the outside society. ||
 * rationalism || Rationalism is a way of understanding life and unknown questions through science and mathematical reasoning. || Rationalism is a way of understanding life and unknown questions through science and mathematical reasoning. The explanation of god is not rational reasoning because it has a lack of scientific and mathematical proof that he/she really does exist. An example of rational knowledge would be; why are bird's bones hollow? Because it makes them lighter and more able to fly without the stress of the weight of a normal bone. That would be different than irrational reasoning because that would just be "because god made them that way". ||
 * assimilation || A process of which many people from many different ethnic backgrounds form one nation. || Assimilation is a process of which many people from many different ethnic backgrounds form one nation. There are different levels of assimilation none better than another; the first level is being part of a nation, but you still consider your ethnic background as who you are, but you are still part of a nation. The second level is when you are proud to be part of the nation you are in but you are also proud of your ethnicity. The third level would be forgetting your ethnic background completely and just say you are from that nation; this is called the melting pot theory. This is like vegetables in a pot and they mush together so that they are almost the same. This theory is easy to remember because I can just think of the Borg(s) from Star Trek who assimilated many different races in the galaxy to make one Borg race. ||
 * [|Reform movement] || The reform movement in Judaism is a movement of which their beliefs are between Orthodox and Secularism. || The reform movement in Judaism is a movement of which their beliefs are between Orthodox and Secularism. A reformed Jew still believes in God and the Torah, but they reject many of the Orthodox laws that seem to control your life like you can't have any meat and cheese in the same meal, or any shell fish, or not being able to do anything outside your house on Saturday for example; spend money, can't drive a car, can't use electricity, etc. Reformed Jews realized they can still be a good religious Jew and disobey those laws. Many Reformed Jews gave up on getting back to Israel as their main goal and are content to be wherever they are today and fit in to society than other Jews. ||
 * pogrom || An act of mass violence hurting Jews. || Common in the 1800s and the 1900s for Germans and Russians and Pols to blame their problems on Jews. Attacks on Jews were organized by young unemployed bullies. They would mug, steal, hurt, burn houses, and beat up Jews and Jewish children. Because of Pogroms Jews left Europe to move the USA and some went to Palestine. ||
 * kibbutz || Farm where everyone is treated equally and work as a whole. || Kibbutz were the first Jewish settlements before Israel was created in 1948. The people who started a kibbutz were socialistic and secular. They specialized in making deserts into agricultural centers. ||
 * flog || To Whip somebody. || Flogging is common in Museum couture especially against unwilling wives to serve their husband. ||
 * Hamas || A Palestinian activist group that recruits young Palestinians to be against Israel/to take political action. || Hamas got started started around the 1980-90s as a religious alternative to the P.L.O. They felt that the P.L.O was not doing enough action against the Israelis. In the 1990s Hamas lost all dignity and resorted to suicide bombing, mass murders, and assationation. In responce Israel waged war on Hamas and punished all Palestinians for the terrorism. Recently Israel gave a small piece of land called the Gaza Strip to the Palestinians and they elected Hamas as their trigger happy government. After they were in power they continued to attack and once again in responce Israel attacked back and arrested all of the Hamas government leaders. ||
 * theocracy || A country that is controlled by Religious leader like the Pope and Vatican City. || Theocracy was extremely common before the enlightenment. There was almost no other thought way of government. Israel was started as a secular state and has stayed that way even after religious leaders have tried to make Israel a theocracy, but have failed. Another example of a theocracy is Iran and Saudi Arabia which are Islamic theocracies. ||
 * sentient || Someone who understands the world through his/her senses. || A sentient person sees the world through their 5 senses (taste, touch, see, hear, and smell). They show much physical sensitivity to interpret the things in life. They tend to be more emotionally sensitive to other people too. ||
 * karma || Karma is a human strength that is based on spirituality. || Karma was derived in India. It has to do with achieving internal peace with the mind or soul. Karma has the philosophy that there are different levels of consciousness. To reach higher levels of consciousness you must use you power to think and you must take action in society. Karma has the right balance between thought and action. The Karma philosophy also promotes that you must think of peace and goodness and carry out acts of peace, justice, equality, and helping humanity. ||
 * dignity || Dignity means that you have a sense of self-respect and self-worth. || Dignity means self-respect and self-worth. Self-respect means that you believe that you are proud in who you are and what you believe in. Self-worth means that you think that you are just as important as everyone else in this world. Because you have a good sense of self-respect and self-worth; that enable you to respect others. Usually dignity is thought of as and individual dignity; but it can also mean you have a group dignity. For example, if you are a Secular Humanistic Jew, you are proud to be a Secular Humanistic Jew; and have the pride to distinguish your self from the rest of the Jews while respecting their beliefs. ||